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Tools You Can Use

990-EZ Online
Developed by the National Center for Charitable Statistics (NCCS) at the Urban Institute, 990-EZ Online offers a simple and free way to prepare returns and electronically file them with the IRS.

UltraTax 990
The powerful Electronic Filing Module in UltraTax, from Creative Solutions, enables you to quickly file your 990 returns in just a few simple steps, and UltraTax performs all error-checking to ensure your returns meet IRS electronic filing standards.

GuideStar
Connecting people with nonprofit information since 1994, GuideStar is the national database on nonprofit organizations, providing free access to basic information on the more than 850,000 nonprofits in their database. Users can search by name, location, keyword, income, category, and type to bring up listings that include the organization's name, address, program and financial information. GuideStar Plus provides free access to all the data of GuideStar plus the organization's mission, programs, goals and results, specific financials, leadership, newsletters, press releases and Form 990, 990EZ and 990PF images.

The Forum on Regional Associations of Grantmakers
Forum of Regional Associations of Grantmakers and PricewaterhouseCoopers provide important tips for avoiding common errors and misleading entries:

The Multi-State Filer Project
To standardize, simplify, and economize compliance under the states' solicitation laws, the National Association of Attorneys General (NAAG) and the National Association of State Charities Officials (NASCO), in collaboration with the Multi-State Filer Project, has developed a Unified Registration Statement (URS) to consolidate the information and data requirements of all states requiring registration. The ongoing project compiles an inventory of registration information demands from all states; produces and continually updates the URS to incorporate all (or most) of these demands; and encourages the states to accept this “standardized” format as an alternative to their own forms.

Unified Chart of Accounts (UCOA)
The Unified Chart of Accounts (UCOA) is a framework for activity-based costing of a nonprofit organization's finances that easily translates to the IRS Form 990, which requires nonprofits to identify how money is spent according to the broad functions of Program Services, Management and Fundraising (Part II) and report the expenses associated with a nonprofit's four main accomplishments (Part III). Activity-based costing allows nonprofits to meet these reporting obligations and provides valuable program and management information. Nonprofit organizations can adopt UCOA entirely or use it to improve their existing chart of accounts. It can be used with any accounting system and by any size organization.

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Articles & Links

"Working a Form 990"
by Peter Swords, speech to the New York City Bar Association, June 15, 2004.

"Breakthroughs in Electronic Filing for Nonprofits" by Putnam Barber, President, The Evergreen State Society, for Nonprofit Online News, May 17, 2004

"Your Form 990: Changes are Coming for 2003 Return" (PDF) by Harvey J. Berger, Grant Thornton LLP, for The NonProfit Times, 2004.

Status of e-filing in California, California Association of Nonprofits January/February 2003 newsletter.

Explanation of the 990 and How to Understand It from the Nonprofit Coordinating Committee of New York

The Form 990: A Detailed Examination from the Nonprofit Coordinating Committee of New York
Expanded version:
http://www.npccny.org/More_990/Form_990.doc

Ten Common Errors to Avoid in Completing a Private Foundation's Form 990-PF (PDF) prepared by PriceWaterhouseCoopers for the Forum of Regional Associations of Grantmakers

What You Should Know Before Signing Your Organization's Form 990-PF (PDF) prepared by PriceWaterhouseCoopers for the Forum of Regional Associations of Grantmakers

IRS Publications
IRS Information for 501(c)(3) organizations

Charity and other nonprofit filing requirements

Frequently asked questions about the IRS and tax exempt organizations

Form 990: Common Errors and Reasons for Requesting this Information

Increasing Understanding of Form 990 and Schedules
A and B
(PDF)

GuideStar
Tips on Making the Form 990 Work for Your Organization 

Some of the More Common Misunderstandings About the Form 990

Other resources
A Guide to the 990 for Donors from the Minnesota Charities Review Council

Information on Financial Management, Public Accountability and Communications from the Minnesota Council of Nonprofits

"Tax-Exempt Organizations: Improvements Possible in Public, IRS and State Oversight of Charities," General Accounting Office report (April 30, 2002) (PDF)

Testimony Before the House Subcommittee on Oversight to Recommend the IRS Accept Forms 990 and 990-PF for Electronic Filing by Harriet Bograd, founder of the Nonprofit Cyber-Accountability listserv, an e-mail discussion group on how information technology can help make nonprofit organizations more accountable.

Reengineering Nonprofit Financial Accountability: Toward a More Reliable Foundation for Regulation (PDF)
by Elizabeth K. Keating and Peter Frumkin, Harvard University, Public Administration Review, January/February 2003, Vol. 63, No. 1

Unified Financial Reporting System for Not-for-Profit Organizations:  A Comprehensive Guide to Unifying GAAP, IRS Form 990 and Other Financial Reports by Russy D. Sumariwalla, Wilson C. Levis. ISBN: 0-7879-5213-3. Paperback, 384 pages  

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Did You Know?
52% of the Form 990 with mistakes failed to complete Schedule A, the section of the form that requires Section 501(c)(3) public charities and organizations and certain types of charitable trusts to list the salaries and benefits awarded to top officials and independent contractors whose compensation is more than $50,000. This part of the form also focuses on advocacy activity and contains additional questions about financial issues not covered on the Form 990 itself.
Did You Know?
Approximately 40 states also accept the Form 990 as their state tax filing form.
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